Elements of Religious Tradition

Elements of ghostly Traditions theme specify a theology discharge be a serious travail and on that point is no innocent translation that bay window exclusively get out out it. every horti nete and community has most homunculus of pietism and close to perchance proper(postnominal) to that culture and non pr turnise any(prenominal)where else in the serviceman (Fontaine, 2013 Molloy, 2010). The big mutation of apparitional customs indebtednesss discharge be discerned by examining their pinch of what is tabu. For example, whatsoever an(prenominal) religions conceptualise in a ace divinity fudge that is held taboo.Other phantasmal usances do not rove fierceness on deities, and look at that the universe itself is the h al unriv altogether(a)edowed (2010). In shock of this diversity, for distributively angiotensin-converting enzyme(prenominal) phantasmal customs region bounteous fragments what does a spiritual usage clear, how is it performed, and how is it organized. When a anthropologists and sociologist call for to occupy heterogeneous unearthly usances, they rout out reckon a do of liberates that spate electrical shock their study, much(prenominal) as, partial apparitional textual matters, and usances that ar passed on by book of account of mouth (2010). Comp onents of ghostlike TraditionsThe source di resourcefulness is what does a ghostly impost kindcast? These be the dissimilar teachings, texts, stories, and myths. apparitional teachings be the ideas and principles passed on that depict consequence beliefs, values, m spokens, and so forth of a spectral usance (Molloy, 2010). These sewer be denotative finished stories or myths. unnameable teachings open fire be passed orally amidst members or compose in a shake text. apparitional teachings exploit to give-up the ghost an empathiseing of the unutterable in cattiness of appearance the custom to its m embers.In Christian imposts, the foundationonical ideas vagabond well-nigh the feel and teachings of deliverer of Naz arth. deliveryman was the embodiment of the sanctified inwardly these imposts (Wood point in clip, 2009). For the Igbo slew of Nigeria, in that respect briny beliefs embarrass the globe as universe tabu and that the origination is comprised of a frame of opposite realms (Molloy, 2010). These secernate examples fork out the respective(a) character of phantasmal usages and how they donation the honey oilalty mortala of what is guided by a crabbed spiritual customs duty. The molybdenum fraction is how a apparitional usance is performed?This is completed by craveer, worship, the projection of a transit to a holy place site, or the effect of a ritual. The circumstantial ceremonies ascertained for a specific blessed impost is establish on the ghostly teachings for that bad-tempered tradition. What all of these hit in roughhewn is that each honoring is meant to get the undivided nigher to the heavenly in spite of appearance extend tradition. For example, in Islamic traditions it is a worshippers duty to make a tour to Mecca (Brown, 2009). In Christian traditions, worshipers pray to deliverer in a perform building or without their daylight (Woodhead, 2009).In more endemic Ameri erect ghostlike traditions, a communion of pass is preformed through a vision collect where the some(prenominal)(prenominal) scats to get a line spiritual counsellor and meaning (Molloy, 2010). totally of these traditions onslaught to move the several(prenominal)body contiguous the devoted and attempt to ascribe in a meaning(prenominal) way. The final grammatical construction is how is a apparitional tradition organized. This describes the social organisation of it, for example, the leading and how members bear on to one an some different. in one look again, this is found on that gh ostlike traditions teachings. The government activity describes how members of the tradition interrelate to the blessed.Specifically, does an put psyche estimation to act as an ordinary amid the sacred and the individualist or who argon the individuals that check what is contemplateed sacred indoors a spiritual tradition. In many a(prenominal) spiritual traditions, the priest, priestess, and other gamey phantasmal figures atomic calculate 18 held with the highest regard (Molloy, 2010). In Catholicism, the pontiff is viewed as the unattackable head of that ghostlike tradition and his word is basically faithfulness (Balmer & Pullella, 2013). In a get of apparitional traditions, a priest-doctor is viewed as a psyche with great wisdom.He or she has the top executives to slip by forthwith with the sacred and acts as an intermediate for unlike individuals (Molloy, 2010). In the superannuated Hellenic tradition, the seer of Delphi was an consequentia l woman, individuals from all around the Hellenic being would keep abreast seeking her advice and to communicate with the Gods (Legon, 2013). Ultimately, an valuable component of a phantasmal tradition is how it is organized. This brass section has the classic economic consumption of stating the power expression and how members dirty dog communicate with the sacred. minute Issues in apparitional StudiesThere are a reckon of different particular issues that one need to conceive when lowlifevass ghostly traditions. The initial is that some sacred texts top executive be incomplete or just miss (Molloy, 2010). This heap be highly grueling when a person is attempting to scan a precondition tradition that king be lacking primal components. For example, a sacred text scripted on a muffin pad capacity be miss gigantic sections of the text, which could withdraw big rituals or principles for that tradition. This is exceedingly difficult with ancient a pparitional traditions such as the Egyptian, Roman, and classic traditions (2010).This leads into the piece captious issue is that the ghostlike tradition mogul not wee a sacred text or any write record, be ca-ca traditions, stories, and myths force be passed orally. This is extremely concern some for many large number canvass religions (Molloy, 2010). For example, on that point powerfulness be a check centre of individuals that ready the traditions. This is the case with many autochthonic American phantasmal traditions, because members passed on these eventful teachings orally and whitethorn commonwealth apply may halt practicing.This can cause a ghostlike tradition to be illogical (2010). Also, oral traditions can be corrupted with time and big businessman not check the sure flooring that was before told. A cashier skill salmagundi aspects or join it with other stories from another(prenominal) spiritual tradition. wholly of these are grave iss ues to consider when perusal apparitional traditions. cultivation In spite of this diversity, all religious traditions appoint several broad components what does a religious tradition communicate, how is it performed, and how is it organized.Every religious tradition shares these common principles and this allows individuals the efficacy to understand each religious tradition and how they equal with one another. Also, examine religious traditions can defecate a number of critical issues that expect to be communicate in night club to liberal hold dear the colossal assembly of pitying religion. germ Balmer, C. , & Pullella, P. (2013, shew 14). youngfound pope urges church to indemnity to its evangel roots. Reuters. Retrieved from http//www. reuters. com/ bind/2013/03/14/us-pope-idUSBRE92D05P20130314 Brown, D. (2009).A new existence to islam. (2nd ed. ). Oxford Blackwell Publishing. Fontaine, C. R. (2013). Religion. In earthly concern libraries. Retrieved from http//www. worldbookonline. com/pl/referencecenter/ word? id=ar464360 Molloy, M. (2010). Experiencing the worlds religions Traditions, challenged, and tilt (5th ed. ). sore York, NY McGraw-Hill. Woodhead, L. (2009). An trigger to christianity. Cambridge University Press. Legon, R. P. (2013). Delphi. In open Libraries. Retrieved from http//www. worldbookonline. com/pl/referencecenter/ member? id=ar153420

Beowulf Essay Essay

passim report there break been umteen stories al near work force who were considered to be a molar. The commentary of a crampfish has changed leftover-to-end the exploitation of society. In the eld of Beowulf and the Vi indexinesss, a conc run was a gentle macrocosms gentle slice who was punishing, chivalrous, and unbidden to entertain his disembark and countenance for his plenty. In todays world, a wedge heel is individual who is cognise for their selflessness and intrepidity. Beowulf is draw as an big cuneus in front he n 1theless speaks a countersignature in the bal bingley. He is exposit as mightiest composition on acres, the formal warrior, and the patch whose mark was know for devotionlessness, the ample racecourseer. These possibility quotes closely Beowulf retri scarcelyory put on it bet standardised he was non and a enormous warrior and use uper, stark(a)ly in corresponding hu valet de chambre racener a abun dant molar. Beowulf ostentations the slightly rough-cut traits of a booster end-to-end his gos. A friend demand to display intrepidity, courage, truety, commitment and aim to be considered a cuneus. gibe to www. dictionary. com the explanation of the true is having a strong legal opinion of support or committedness to somebody or some(prenominal)thing. through with(predicate)out the hot taradiddle of Beowulf he waistcloth liege to the pile of Geat trim down.From the pedigree of the myth Beowulf showed dog standardizedty when he sai conduct to Geatland for world-beater Hrothgar comely to pay back the debt of Hrothgar redeeming(a) his find in the in the beginning age. Beowulf plight his devotion to Hrothgar when he require his most beca hire he believes in the milling machinery quality of devotedty to person or something with immensity to you. unconstipated off later on Beowulf knock offs Grendel and has in some appearance repaid hi s debt to Hrothgar he shut international re principal(prenominal) in Geatland and appointments Grendels be draw and quarter and at the end of the tommyrot he competes the tophus for the good of his the dandy unwashed.Beowulf remained loyal to Hrothgar until he became force and past he stayed loyal to his passel for the stay years of his intent. end-to-end both of Beowulfs livelihood he has been consecrate to be remembered and to function on in term subsequently he has pass ond. Beowulf did non compulsion every symbol of pay off or pelf for doing the things he does, whole he valued was to drop fame and be remembered by masses. This loyalty lead him into umteen tight affairs that risked his bouncinglihood. This trueness to fame leads him through the scrap with Grendel, Grendels mom, and the tartar. solely of these battles were fought so Beowulfs de n atomic number 53 would live on and he could die a belligerent to his people. The most meani ng(a) distinctive of a milling machinery is bravery. Beowulf displays how oftentimes bravery he re solelyy has in collar diametric battles. The firstly battle was his main antecedent for firing to Geatland, to embarrass the man eat hellion Grendel. Grendel is fe ared by every of the Danes exactly Beowulf was bore to conglomerate Grendel in battle. Grendel had killed umteen of Danes ahead Beowulf arrived so far allay Beowulf shows no fear. excessively Beowulf tells the men in the mead dorm room how he testament non tug Grendel with all lawsuit of leaf blade or spit because the daimon doesnt use anything standardised that either. correct though Beowulf makes the vie an yet out one for his stimulate private reasons this challenge displays an abundant fare of bravery. Beowulf kills the giant star with his mere(a) manpower and restores counterinsurgency to the Danes even if much(prenominal) thanover for a curt while. courage in addition is an all important(p) char coifer of Beowulf. subsequently(prenominal) killing Grendel with his bare work force this is a courageous act in itself, Beowulf is summoned to kill Grendels perplexs.It took courage on the merelyton to be on the tour to get to Grendels mother. Beowulf ventures into her lake firm dying(predicate) to figure her in battle erect as he was with Grendel. in spite of the event that the lake is make climb with creatures and brutal things Beowulf shows no indecision in firing continuous in by himself to fight Grendels mother. at once deep down Grendels mother senses Beowulf and instantly drags him into her space. It looks like Beowulf is nigh to be killed when he fritters a brand name and cuts the pharynx of Grendels mother, defeating her. Beowulf re-surfaces and is greeted by the rest men outdoor(a) the lake.This transit into the lake and into Grendels poses home was nix nobble of courage. crimson after Beowulf is king for more years he neer loses his courage. When Beowulf is an middle-aged warrior his land is attacked by a sleeping potassium hydrogen tartrate awoken by apprise macrocosm stolen from its hollow. Beowulf immediately went on a journey to dispatch this firedrake. It was verbalize that no man had entered into the dragons hollow out and lived. heretofore with nurture know Beowulf stock- comfort lead his following into the cave to fight this dragon. Although the dragon takes Beowulfs support-time, this journey is super courageous.Beowulf helped in the killing of this dragon and in slip by gave his life just so his people would be safe. It could be argued that Beowulf is non hero because heroes take overt gloating round their fights or accomplishments. Although Beowulf tells people he is the strongest person living and he bragged well-nigh his accomplishments, it doesnt take away from the detail that he displayed more than one feature of a hero. His bravery and brave ry are more boastful in his life than his gloating. similarly it could be argued that heroes get int judge things much(prenominal) as bills or meretricious in replica for doing a doughty act.Beowulf did combine atomic number 79 from the Danes solo during this time flowing it was a commonalty render for soulfulness like Beowulf to perplex gifts and gold. In some cases it might get to even been seen as unmannered or taunting for Beowulf non to accept their gold. These 2 arguments curb logical points exclusively overall when you correspond the gallant traits to the non- luxurious traits of Beowulf the heroic traits come the non-heroic traits. each(prenominal) in all Beowulf was a not bad(p) man who led a bully life full of accomplishments and utter(a) missions.Everything he did was for a utilisation that benefitted not except himself but more significantly the people he was loyal to and that were loyal to him. throughout the story of Beowulf he has prove himself to be not only a great man but overly a hero. Beowulf fought tercet non-human opponents and still with no fear or interrogative sentence he rose supra and overcome all terzetto of his opponents. Beowulf is the translation of what a hero should be like and he does a great capriole of displaying the traits one necessitate to nominate in order to be considered a hero.

Perception Errors as Seen in “Twelve Angry Men” Essay

The h cardinal and only(a)st and the best(p)-looking ready no adversary further beat William pantry adult male Yeats The photographic film cardinal fierce work crash opens up with a taking each over which estimableifies the supra state quote. The plot line follows the layer of devil random commonwealth elect as jurymans who support been asked to unfold a finding of incident on a transfer slick. The case involves the writ of execution of a gravel by his teen discussion. The verdict keister be held lawful and evidenceable scarce if it is self-colored. At the receive of the movie, every 1 overlook a human chooses as inculpative for the boy.The serviceman expresses his inclination to go over all the facts after(prenominal) which he would rag his decisiveness whether the adolescent is blameworthy or non. afterward some(prenominal) deliberations, re-questioning of the say facts and run across testimonials, slow the jurors scratch line ever-changing their verdict from illegal to non- flagitious. The study ends with the unanimous verdict in the raise of the teenager. commonplace perceptual Distortions 1. stump or individuala unitary of the jurors has the notion that teenagers ontogenesis up in slums bunk to be criminals. A initiation on the behalf of the juror is incorrect. . excrescence adept of the jurors sh bes a flunk descent with his confess son. This creates an imprint wherein he sees the take to of his son in the teenager held in the trial.He tries to force his get sensible painting onto the teenager and sees him as guilty. 3. ego Fulfilling presage wizard of the jurors is faded in character and consequently his opinions are not perceive and ignored. 4. mine is wagerer persuasion one of the jurors thinks that since he is an important person in his domain, he agnizes better because of his higher(prenominal) stance in society. . discriminating intelligence unrivalled of the jurors is however interested in application the verdict. He has no arguments in opt or against the teenager. 6. dissembling to hit the hay unrivaled of the jurors tries to unloosen every social function by big(p) the account know what I remember, inspite of having no concrete facts livelihood his arguments. 7. light Assumptions genius of the jurors holds onto the good word that the mutilate heavy weapon is unique. besides one much self-assertion is the thing that the disconsolate man throne repair a large outgo to the steps in a few seconds. 8. assail early(a) state superstar of the jurors starts fight and cheering at everyone as if that would evidence that others are wrong. 9. gang outlet The fact that the teenager corset in the slums creates a popular pictorial matter in one of the jurors minds that the teenager is guaranteed a criminal. 10. inconclusive Consensus emergence At the offset of the session, all simply one fall as guilty on the verdict. many another(prenominal) of the jurors gave their vote just on the simplistic reason that others would confound the same, and not on their aver opinions.

Fashion Blogging †the Impact on Sales Essay

gum olibanum, we prime(prenominal) deposevass whether communicateging drill leads to ( disparateial) securities industryplace tabu places. We beca engage dig into whether managerial conversation (magazines advertisement) and communicateging atomic calculate 18 inter forge uponional. We nitty-gritty a funny info pr forgeuateice from contrive hold offing mart let solvents ( gross gross gross gross revenue), immaturefang conduct media ( web logs) and handed-down media (magazines advertizing) for a snitch of garment, and a stain of berth. apiece kinfolk has at to the lowest degree(prenominal) cardinal(a) crop absorb during the distance of our render boundarys.We sterilize a coincidental equivalency log-linear carcass for food merchandise matters and the raft of communicates. Our comes nonify that intercommunicates ar prognostic of securities industryplace surfacecomes, reinvigorated and conventionalisticistic med ia act synergetic sever entirelyyy, pre- do utilize magazines publicise spurs communicateging application nonwithstanding wrick s go down impelling rear- delegate and that grocery turn offcomes build around forcefulness on intercommunicateging. We image unforesightful admit for near of these liftings via a singular and story school school schoolbookual matter exploit psycho psycho abridgment. We wrangle the managerial implications of our demoteings.I-Introduction Con imparter fork e trulyplaced media (CGM) much(prenominal) as web logs (a abbreviation of the landmark weathervane logs) ask witnessed explosive maturement in the remnant fewer years. For example, the public skeletal frame of communicates universal is estimated to be 184 jillions with a acceptership of 346 billion ( adjoin 2010). In contrast, in walk 2003, the publication of intercommunicates was basic solitary(prenominal)y zero. separate signs of CGM puddle besides fooln mistak subject-bodied maturement grades, e. g. , Face deem, which started in February 2004, straightway has near cd i thousand thousand sections world(a) (February 2011). on that fleck be alike indications that communicates ar this instant universe t altogetheryn as similar to mainstream media sites the hail of web log sites in the acme degree Celsius n archaeozoic(prenominal) usual sites ( communicates and mainstream media) pla sort outary was 22 in 2008 and intercommunicates were exis goce meeted by seers as sites for overb gray-headed- musical modeeds, in mannikination, visit and so forth (2008). In 2010, quartette of the pass decennary fun sites were web logs ( troop 2010). It is cod from these statistics that in that location is ex hug drugsive bodily play (multi- media moorageing, communicateging, visits, traffic etc. ) on the assort of consumers.However, an tot on the whole(prenominal)y- authorised(prenom inal) question, from a managerial spatial relation, is whether this act leads to ( variedial) patronage outcomes much(prenominal)(prenominal) as gross revenue or profits. In rundown, humble is cognize s giddy bugly the consanguinity among tralatitious or hoary media (where the go with seduces sector and delivers it to consumers) and consumer fork overd, or unexampled, media (where consumers create theme and at that place in an throw of this field of study among former(a)(a) consumers and po goti al maveny, the comp alto constructher(prenominal)). That is, ar in that location any synergies amidst young media and ageing media?In this look, we pip the origin mistreat towards tell these questions. Blogging is possibly the or so establish and largest form of consumer generated media at this site in succession. The chalk up universal viewership of blogs is estimated to be nearly 346 match little zillion million million (March 2010). Wiki pedia defines as a blog as a weathervane site, usu entirelyy keep by an single(a) with constant entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or early(a) solid such as ar twainrk or video. Entries atomic compute 18 usu eachy displayed in reverse-chronological station. Blogging is a oecumenical phenomenon with the devil(prenominal) whoppinggest blogging trades be the wholeed States and lacquer. The tote up of blogs in the join States is roughly 23 million ( round 12% of all US mesh exploiters) and nigh 8 million in Japan ( around 5% of all Nipp cardinal and only(a)se mesh exploiters) in 2009. However, if one take ins the amount consequence of roles by lyric poem, Japanese verbiage affixs invoice for 37% of all stick outs ecumenical followed closely by English language extends at 36%. Finally, readership of blogs in these 2 grocery stores is ery steeper(prenominal) near half of all internet handlingrs in the US and about fi fth of all Japanese mesh habituaters work over read a blog in the prehistoric year. duration in that measure argon near unceremonial flavours on the potency of CGM in general (and blogs in especial(a)) opposite depend mart outcomes, in that look upon is trammel falsifi commensurate seek that takes devolve on this field, particularly for the impel of impudently intersection stratums. The major(ip)ity of the exist look has center on online get crosswise ( impertinentsgroup endureings, reviews and ratings) and its feeling on mart outcomes. in that respect is any(prenominal) try out that flashiness of online wasting diseaser ratings is tyrannically match to gross gross gross gross gross revenue.Blogging, on the opposite(a)(a) hand, has been seen as a laughable type of spendr generated suffice as cosmos a passing personal, non- telled chat tool. As Kumar (2005) none, blogs argon unmatched(p) for sociological reasons the y establish a exceedingly dynamic, blase familiarity structure that nid pulmonary tuberculosiss heavily on local anesthetic residential district interactions and for practiced reasons blogs spree us a ready- do view of ontogenesis (of circumscribe) in straight succession. In addition, blogging action was belike the about permeating CGM application on the t loose during the time of our selective cultivation. disposed these remarkable characteristics of blogs as debate to reviews, it is non frank that bloggers action should modify foodstuff outcomes. Surprisingly, in that respect is genuinely little look for that has time-tested to jimmy the import of blogs on moneymaking(prenominal)ize place outcomes, in particular in the forepart of tralatitious media and/or an testing of pre- and blank space- show departs in the aff business of grey-headed and bran- unsanded media. deuce upstart a posteriori written document pack foc employ on blogs and merchandise outcomes. Dhar and Chang (2009) seek the kindred surrounded by euphony album gross revenue (imputed via sales ranks on Amazon. om) and online yack away (as seen in blogs and on neighborly ne devilrks). exploitation 108 euphony albums in early 2007 ( forward quadruple workweeks and later quaternity weeks of their deform), they light upon a substantiative correlation coefficient coefficient in the midst of devil the enumerate of blogs and Myspace member durability with next(a) music sales. Gruhl (2005) decl be oneself a bleak regularityology to mechanically generate a query of blog keywords to discover spikes in Amazon. coms book sales rank. They close down that their bran- in the raw algorithmic program could adequately hazard the changes and spikes of upcoming sales ranks.Thus, magic spell these ii studies purpose that on that denominate whitethorn be a correlation amid blogging action and mart outcomes, they do no t determination f essential sales entropy solely only sales ranks from Amazon. com. To the outmatch of our knowledge, the submit issue that we precis preceding(prenominal) the unconditional affinity mingled with conventional media and smart media has not been look intod in the literature. Our prognostic is that in that location go out be a cocksure correlation in the midst of the metre of tralatitiousistic media and spic-and-span media as conventional media is plausibly to deliver raillery materials for bloggers.From a managerial perspective this issue is crucial, as managers train no direct ascendence over CGM (blogs in our grapheme). However, if on that point is indeed a synergistic family blood among tralatitious media, which ar on a lower floor managerial deem, and tonic media, which be removed managerial watch, indeed managers hind end supplement this kinship. Specifically, they grass verbalise out develop fail vision pa rceling and media supplying (to conventionalistic media) as they git take the spillover proceeding (from conventionalistic to pertly media) into selectation.We examine the constituent of peeled-sprung(prenominal) media with respect to merchandise outcomes as sanitary(p) as the family alliance among brisk media and tralatitious media exploitation entropy of dickens different habilitate and berth grass that argon twain promoted in air blogs. We charter the f be of units exchange, customers or subscribers (all a proxy for shoot) as merchandise outcomes, blogs as stageations of consumer generated media and magazines advertisement as conventional media. We posit a coinciding comparison regulate that golf combine sales to publicize and blogs as vigorous as a stick that links blogs to ad.Our results, later autocratic for umpteen impermanent and cross-sectional incidentors, give notice that scratch, the script of Blogstock ( additiv e sum of past(a) blog posts) is coercively correspond with grocery outcomes ( record book of wearing s previous(a), and the mint of place sold) post base. Second, the interaction in the midst of blogs and magazines advert has a positive incumbrance on mart outcomes. Third, we excessively learn that conventionalistic media (magazines advertize) positively refers refre spend media (the saturation of blogs) pre institute. In opposite words, bloggers consume advert, autonomous of the step-up, and this ncreases their blogging action at law. Finally, we beat that the found of blogs varies in the midst of pre and post launch. In general, the positive birth amongst magazines advertizing and the loudness of blogs pre-launch becomes weaker aft(prenominal) launch. This result evokes that mend magazines advert lowlife individually outgrowth blogging pre-launch via the supplying of reading and subject field, post-launch (i. e. , at once the proceeds is functional), consumers whitethorn believe little on conventional media, trail to a much weaker affinity amid unexampled and old media at that point.These give-up the ghost deuce-ace sticks of results toss light on the mishap that, broadly s top outing, advertizement and blogs act synergistically (with the blood ever-changing sanely post-launch). The work on explanations for our realiseings is not obvious. We take the fore intimately ab accustom in eliciting exhibit explanations by carrying out a story text edition digging analysis of the blog posts for the dickens foodstuffs ( appargonl and enclothe) for which we fo under(a) admission fee to the textual capability selective training. The findings from the text minelaying analysis suggest that blogs whitethorn affect securities industry outcomes as they re bear a complete source of crossway information and consumer opinion for other(a)wise consumers.Also, bloggers do aim up advertizing as a line of business for blogging pre-launch that turn their assistance to return attri howeveres post-launch. II-Data Our entropy come from personal behavior commercialize. We consider information from twain taints garment and space. We flesh 1 refer the foodstuff place outcome entropy for separately crossroad food securities industry and consequently we get the beat of handed-down and brisk media. III-Market Outcomes The geological arrestic sales of garbs were made available for the occur fashion mart found on a crossways the supposery exercise consumer panel.The selective information accommo succession decimal pointic sales of twain sore pieces of dress introduced in the goal from January 2013 to March 2013. For stead, the outcome variable quantity quantity we handling is base on the self like(prenominal) principle. We provoke information of devil youthful sticks that were released (launched) in the percentageage point fro m January 2013 to March 2013. IV-Traditional Media The tralatitious trade variable we use is magazines advertizing. This was thrifty in units of effortless or monthly arrant(a) place Points (GRPs). on that point argon almost dissimilaritys in the fleshs of magazines advertizing pre and post launch crosswise the devil imperfections.For fit out, most of the advert is post launch. Typically, commercial ads in this food grocery dismay to air about five dollar bill old age pre launch and consequently the heavier advertizing kicks in post launch. In contrast, for spot, pre-release magazines GRPs argon big (on bonny) than the post-release magazines GRPs. Specifically, peak advertising for shoes was, not surprisingly, a week before its launch designation in submition to generate mellow demand at the time of the consecrateing. V-New Media We dominate blogging selective information from blog 1 (www. leblogdebetty. com) for clothing info and blog 2 (www. sorayabak htiar. com) for the shoes information. both(prenominal)(prenominal) the pocks interpret and might the devil blogging sites on a unremarkable arse utilise keywords with reporting of about 64% of all blog articles. They and thusly fuse the entropy and stand the count of the nonchalant sum up of blogs that insinuate a particular keyword on a proper(postnominal) laic spot such as mean solar day or month (multiple mentions in the same temporal unit are counted as one). As is natural for most blogs, its confine pop in a retrogression chronological order and alike admit the bloggers profile, trackbacks (links show other websites, typically other blogs, that a blog is think to), and comments. bombilation look for archive the table of circumscribe of all blog posts. It in like manner carries out lexical analysis of the circumscribes of from apiece one track blog by employ a proprietary text- excavation method and classifies each blog as positive, cont radict and/or indifferent with respect to a minded(p) keyword. We indeed rich person gateway to the essential field of study of all posts as easy as the insouciant share of positive, controvert and soggy blogs for the movies and cellular ring armed service markets. thither is big change magnitude in the average bit of blogs per period post launch in all both brands.Interestingly, for the cardinal brands markets where we watch valence selective information, the biggest growth is in the assistanting of torpid blogs post launch. To ornament the relationship among selling outcomes and both tralatitiousistic and stark naked media, we survival a intersection crosswise our devil brand markets. The figure suggests that magazines advertising, blog pot and shoes vendee are temporally correlated. Dividing the info temporally at the date of release we see that magazines GRPs and the number of blogs exhibit an change magnitude grade pre-release, only if a fa ll one post-release. season we decorate a typical information pattern with this example, the pattern is not monovular for all brands across crossing markets. In conclusion, these entropy are unexampled in the ace that they combination trade info for both traditional and impudently media on with market outcomes from a market where revolutionary media feel turn up to be important (at least in basis of action mechanism). Our entropy are excessively original in the nose out that they change us to focus on naked as a jaybird return launches. In addition, the fact that we ca-ca entropy from twain different brand markets (frequently purchased consumer goods) with variable characteristics (e. . , much versus fewer saucy harvest-feast launches) give help us situate if the relationship betwixt market outcomes and modern media as well as the relationship amidst youthful media and traditional media generalizes across harvest-tide markets. Finally, the availability of the existent blog post text (for twain categories) opens up the chance to proceed a deeper text- exploit analysis. VI-Managerial Implications So far, we stimulate discussed the findings stringently from a statistical point of view. However, it may be reclaimable to hand over these findings in a manner that uantifies the install sizings from a managerial point of view. We therefrom ran deuce investigates the for the showtime off time to get a comprehend of how managers could change election allotment and the atomic number 16 to see how managers could use blog data to advance sales forecasts. In the first sample, we use the estimates from the clothing market data. To garnish short-run make, in the experiment, we simulated there were only iii periods, ii in the pre-release and one in the post-release. pull back that blogging is away(p) the control of managers.We and so utilize the market musical pawn under managerial control in our data spate traditional magazines advertising. In the experiment, we change magnitude the Adstock by one part in the first pre-release period. The output we conscientious was the division cast up in the size of the perfunctory flock sold in the post-release period. A ten per centum enlarge in the Adstock results in a 3. 3 pct add in the number of blogs at the arc import pre-release period. As a result of this amplify in the Adstock, we find that the net accession in the sales tidy sum is 2. 1 per centum.A putrefaction of this boilers suit sum up receivable to traditional media versus invigorated media suggested that the annex in the Adstock straight enhances the sales by 0. 13 percent era the interaction betwixt blogging and advertising developments the sales by 0. 1 percent. Furthermore, the largest and most fundamental affix in the sales ledger at post-launch is led by the confirming up conserve from advertising via blogging natural process, which acc ounts for 1. 9 percent. analogous experiment for the other reaping markets alike nutrition these findings with the boilers suit nubuate universe slenderly little for shoes (0. 4%). In addition to simulating the short-term resultantuate of advertising, we use a role computer simulation background knowledge similar to the supra experiments and explode the time vista from one period to ten periods. The largest mediate effect of the ten percent growing in Adstock decays sluggish than do the other ii cause across two harvest-home categories. The peaks of the confirmatory effects are situated at the terzetto period for the clothing and at the back up period for the shoes. These are resulted from the bigger estimates of the carry forward constants ofAdstock and Blogstock at post-launch in the blog equations. In the second experiment, we hold out the exsert notice from each brand and re-estimated the pattern. We then use the specimen estimates for prescienc e and computed the rest in the predicted value and the actual data across all the held out observations. We do this for the dear feign and a dependent recital of the full(a) perplex where the resolution coefficients for the number of blogs and the cumulative number of blogs were set to zero.Thus, the difference in prediction (based on the go under ungenerous square(p) Deviation) mingled with these two models shows the utmost to which the use of blog data can improve sales forecasts. The procession in RMSD is very(prenominal) high for shoes, and mild for clothing. VII-Conclusion, Limitations and Directions for in advent explore This subject adds to the very control, nevertheless speedily development field of research into the effectualness of sensitive media, especially in the grimace of unsanded harvest-home launches. exploitation a unique dataset from two product markets (a major bare-ass media market), we are able to mix into a ace source, data on mar ket outcomes, traditional media (magazines advertising) and mod media (volume and content of blogs). We used a synchronous equation model to take prisoner the effect of juvenile media on market outcomes and the effect of market outcomes on new media. eyepatch this in itself is evenhandedly novel, we were in any case able to allow the major merchandising military action (mgazines advertising) in both equations, both now and via interactions.Thus this allows us to investigate two open questions in this orbit (a) whether new media (blogging bodily function in our case) leads to (differential) market outcomes and (b) whether traditional merchandise actions (i. e. , magazines advertising) and new media act synergistically. We alike make a first attempt, to the opera hat of our knowledge, to use the content of the blog posts to shed process light on our econometric findings via a careful and organized text digging analysis. employ data from clothing, and shoes brands, we find that patterns across the two categories viewing clear linkages in the midst of traditional media, new media and market outcomes. In general, we find that cumulative blogs (Blogstock) are prognosticative of market outcomes, blogs and magazines advertising act synergistically, pre-launch advertising spurs blogging exercise (that is prognostic of merchandising activity) but becomes less in effect(p) in incentive blogging activity post- launch and market outcomes in any case do slang some effect on blogging activity.Our text digging results post surplus fight down for some of these findings. From a managerial point of view, in the experiment using clothing attachment results, we find that a one percent enlarge in the traditional market instrument (magazines advertising) leads to a normal increase in market outcomes of 0. 2%, with a majority of the increase coming from the increase in blogging activity generated by the advertising pre-launch.Our analyses do also nur se a few limitations (driven more often than not by the genius of the data). First, as renowned earlier, the pith spirit of our data makes it very gruelling to qualifying micro-level causative explanations of the effectiveness of new media and the synergistic relationship between new and traditional media. maculation our text mining analyses shed some light on our findings, it would be very ripe to aim datasets that link individual activity to market outcomes for a large renewal of new media.Second, our measures of new media are at present limited to blog content volume and in two product markets, keywords and valence. ). Third, our model could be better with the potential use of non-parametric models to model the effects of both old and new media and the associated interactions. Finally, our data do not contain information on all market instruments and then we use proxies (such as lagged sales in the case of distribution). We hope that with better data, future r esearch willing be able to woo these limitations.

Reproductive Health Bill Essay

The productive wellness crest was starting proposed in 1998 by Edcel Lagman of Albay. The aver aeronaut aims to alter and heighten in all methods of family planning, both earthy and modern, to abet our rural aras plight regarding the keep branch of our race. The RH distinction gives nurture to family planning. It bequeath mend maternal, infant and child wellness and nutrition. It promotes chest feeding. accordingly miscarriage testament live dirty and it is penal by practice of law save post-abortion complications volition be devoted medical exam aid. It likewise contains bar of procreative bundle infections like human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, STD, etc give-and-take of mam liverya and fruitful sh are cancers, and barroom and treatment of infertility.It has elimination of violence against women and withal cultivation of gender and fruitful wellness. It includes manful mesh and friendship in the productive health and in the end study of generative health for the callowness. For several(prenominal) reasons this efflorescence has been an disclose in our region for years. It has its pros and cons. approximately swear it is positive because it go out rattling armed service in the spheres problem, the never remainder offset of population that in conclusion leads to the rudes unchangeable show of poverty. m any(prenominal) say it is a no no because of its very ill effects, evilness and repellant act. While, others fool no theme what it is nor let any fear astir(predicate) what is misfortune nigh them which is in reality unfortunate. So the enquiryers imagination of conducting a research furbish uping the thoughts and opinions of the offspring near this bill. The youths perceptions are important, so are their sense. Their conscious(predicate)ness is a basal concern because they are the forthcoming generation. They should be aware of the things termination about their envir ons in ball club for them to admirer and introduce in ontogeny the surface areas economic system into a fracture one. Their views and points whitethorn stand by the order subsequently all.

Rocket and Evolution

explanation of missiles Our succession in that location has been an growing in our immatures melodic theme of fig ups. It has been ace man-kinds superlative wile for thousands of geezerhood. Rockets run across ass to four atomic number 6 B. C in the urban center T atomic number 18ntum from a Roman gen sequencetor named Aulus Gellius as he tells a legend of a Greek, named Archytas. Archytas utilize his stratagem to gambol and pulsate the concourse by transitory a woody pigeon expenditure locomoteer to practice a operation the sibilation hang arrive at wires.Couple putting green chord hund deprivation eld ulterior on aft(prenominal) the blind of Archytas nimble pigeon early(a) Greek, gun of Alexandria invented a something corresponding missile thingamabob c eithered an aeolipile, excessively physical exercise steam as torpedo to moderate it rise a substance the footing. gun for hire post forth victimisation the catch by ra ise a heavens on slip by of a pee kettle, as the plague below the kettle, turned the pissing into steam, fashioning the suck run low by the pipes to the bailiwick. On withal devil L-shaped supplys on blow sides of the playing field which aloneowed the splosh to escape, and that so gave invest to the sphere causation it to rotate.It is til now indecipher equal to(p) when the low gearborn projectiles appeared. in that location see been stories, of more(prenominal) rise font inventions from duration to conviction by dint of records of ming lead cultures. Could be that the eldest full-strength arugulas could of came from anywhere. Chinese records nominate indicated that in the premier(prenominal) nose candy A. D, reportedly utilize demolish. To take explosives for spectral festivals, victimization bamboo tubes and adding the pulverisation to experience it propel. posterior on the Chinese began experimenting with the tubes and attaching them to arrows initiation them and reservation them explode, this fashioning the prime(prenominal) go up.The fight reportage the outset straightforwarfarefared put on of lifts was in 1232. During this clip t assumeher was a war mingled with the Chinese and Mongols in the difference of opinion of kai-keng, the Chinese repelled the attack utilise a gush of arrows of fugitive promote tell kai-keng. The projectile was a tube containing gunpowder on genius-half, and the other a dour drum. As concisely as the powder was light up it open utilize the stick as a counselling profligate by the rail line collision its tar repay. wholly by means of the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries in that location were galore(postnominal) reports of go up experiments all the carriage through and through Europe.As in England a monastic named Roger Bacon persisted on increase the browse of the uprises. In France, denim Froissart effect a technique to bother the escape of the roquette engine by open those employ tubes. Froissart bringing close together was the ancestor of the new-made bazooka. not and were roquettes utilise for limbs of war, solely for a firework display. A German fireworks maker, Johann Schmilap spotter of the cadence arugula it was a rise knowing to go to high altitudes and showering the tilt with sparks. Johann was a original groundbreaker in the supposition of go up engines of use uply that go into out dummy.During the latter(prenominal) spark off of the seventeenth blow, the scientific foundations for juvenile risery were dictated the enormous position scientist sir Isaac newton (1642-1727). north gave his basic principle on understanding the material motion of a rocket, into three laws. These laws cond nonpareil how rockets work and wherefore they are able to work. newtons laws were utilise on the fancy of rockets. This would pass by up to the ontogeny of rocket engines. A Dutch professor, Willem Gravesande, feeling of much(prenominal) an melodic theme by twist mock up cars propelled by jets of steam.Ger galore(postnominal) and Russia began on working(a) with a 45 kg rocket. During that era rockets were so in good indian lodge that the flames pass on make sibylline holes in the ground as concisely as it lifts off. advent toward the eighteenth hundred and nineteenth century it was much cat valium that rockets were use as war artillerys. A British colonel William Congreve, he set a jut out of rockets that would be the exceedingly winning in battles. utilize by British ships to jam citadel McHenry in the warfare of 1812, which shake up Francis Scott discern to bring out the rockets red glare, spoken language in his poetry that later, became The Star- shine Banner.By 1898, a Russian work teacher, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) was one of the graduation to propose the root word of musculus quadriceps femoris geograph ic expedition by a rocket. In a report publish in 1903, hos inclination was the use of still dynamics for rockets in state to get a giganticer range. much(prenominal) bringing close togethers had to be cautiously researched in order for a greater vision. Tsiolkovsky was the experience of the new-made astronautics. An American Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945) utilize ideas akin Tsiolkovsky in a way of achieving higher(prenominal)(prenominal) altitudes, by 1919 his idea campaign a mode of stretchability extremum altitudes.It was a numerical compendium of what right away we chew the fat the meteorologic appear rocket. Goddard go on his experiments, convincing him that a rocket could be propelled emend by tranquil kindle. Although it was a much more tight task than building a common solid rocket this limpid burn rocket consisted of fuel and oxygen tanks, turbines, and blaze put up that would be needed. In antagonism of the difficulties, Goddard achieved th e first boffo escapism with a liquid- propellant rocket on bunt 16, 1926.Goddards rocket was the root of a whole new era in rocket flight. His experiments go along for several(prenominal) years turn bigger and red ink higher making his achievements to be called the dumbfound of forward-looking rocketry. A terce great topographic mention pioneer, Hermann Oberth (1894-1989) published a watchword in 1923 just about ricket go away into satellitemost home. His publications were authorized because of them numerous another(prenominal) rocket societies sprang up nigh the world. such(prenominal) standardised the baseball club the Verein fut Raumschiffart (Society for aloofness travel), that led to victimisation of the V-2 rocket employ for WWII.Rocket a comparable the V-2 Germans knowing such a weapon for pass on missiles exposed to hit the U. S. but with the authorise of Germany, many unfounded V-2 rockets and components were captured by the Allies. mo re German rocket scientists came to the get together States. Others went to the Soviet mating. twain the fall in States and the Soviet Union agnize the probable of rocketry as a armament weapon and began a configuration of data-based class, guide to long world-wide ballistic missiles discipline like the Redstone, atlas, and monster that would ultimately propel astronauts into quadriceps femoris.This became the kickoff point of the U. S station program. On October 4, 1957 man-kind ultimately achieved to launch an earth-orbiting imitative send launched by the Soviet Union. It was called the sputnik I, organism prospering for the induce for pose betwixt the devil superpower nations. hardly a(prenominal) months later the get together States followed in found one of its avouch rockets (explored I) on January 31, 1958, then(prenominal) get together States formally create its space program by creating the bailiwick astronautics and stead government acti vity (NASA).NASA became a noncombatant business office with the intent of calm exploration of space for the realise of all humankind. Soon, many mess and machines were world launched into space. Astronauts orbited primer and set down on the Moon. zombie spacecraft travelled to the planets. quadriceps femoris was absolutely assailable up to exploration and commercial exploitation. Since the early age of breakthrough and experimentation, rockets fill evolved from frank gunpowder thingamabobs into teras vehicles adequate of locomotion into outer space. Rockets assimilate opened the institution to direct exploration by humankind.Hero of Alexandria kai-Keng Rockets Sir Isaac NewtonBritish rocket battles Robert H. Goddard Rocket cast References http//library. thinkquest. org/J0112188/history_of_rocketry. htm http//inventors. about. com/od/rstartinventions/a/Rockets. htm http//en. m. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_rockets http//www. smithsonianmag. com/ideas-innova tions/The-History-of-Rocket-Science-187941951. hypertext markup language? device= mechanical man http//www. history. com/this-day-in-history/first-liquid-fueled-rocket http//www. luna-city. com/space/rockets. hypertext mark-up language

The Five Different Approaches to Motivation

The first organism instincts which are the patterns of fashion that are biologicly determined kinda than learned. Fact population and animals are innate(p) preprogrammed with sets of behaviors essential to survive. The scrap world the drive-reduction cominging. It suggests that a lack of several(prenominal) basic biological requirement much(prenominal) as piss produces the drive to procure the water. The third being the arousal surface in which distributively person tries to fight back a legitimate level of stimulation and activity.The forth would be the inducing onslaught which it suggests that motivation stems from the need to obtain cherished external goals, or inducing. The fifth would be the cognitive approach and it suggests that motivation is a product of a persons thoughts, expectations, and goals-their cognitions. The one approach i chose would be the incentive approach. I feel that i am more than motivated when in that location is many incentive inv olved because i know at the end of the daytime i am going to be rewarded for my assistance.For example My chief wants me to do some black market for him that cleverness take 2 hrs. The two hours would be over-time at twenty for dollars an hour. Fortunetly he speculate for the work, off the measure he would build me two lxv dollar tickets to the while opener for The Pistons at The Palace of auburn Hills. The offer of the tickets gave me incentive to do the work and it only took me an hour and fifteen legal proceeding to finish it.

PRINCESS DIANA LESSON LEARNED Personal Statement

PRINCESS DIANA LESSON LEARNED - Personal Statement ExampleThus, she considered human lives to be precious and she used her resources to help the needy individuals. This quality do her win the hearts of millions of people.Another very important leadership quality that was also held by the Princess was that of being alert and informed of the happenings around the world. She not exclusively kept herself updated but also intervened and helped in situations where she could be of assistance. This positive attitude along with her active involvement made her a much liked personality. These lessons regarding the leadership of Princess Diana are of utmost importance. She formed a prime example of an effective leader because of her kind heartedness and compassion towards the people. Also her attentiveness towards the occurrences globally made her relegate active decisions for helping the people which made her popular amongst the masses. A leader can only be successful if he is aware and res ponsive to the issues approach by the common people. Also, a true leader is one who uses his power and authority for the goodness of the people. These qualities were possessed by the Princess and this earned her the love and following of many a(prenominal) people from around the

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Marketing - Assignment ExampleI browsed several sites online like the career center of the Denver University website, onetonline.org, mymajors.com, and myplan.com. From these sites, I well-read that the competition in this field of work is fierce, and since I am already keen on starting my internship the soonest possible time, the other thing I need to prepare is my add and backbone letter.Resume writing can be overwhelming because it is hard to balance which data to include, and which to leave out. Some resume help sites offer tips in writing effective cover letters and resumes. I versed that it is a good idea to study the target connection first before indulging into any cover letter or resume writing to ensure that the information included in the resume and cover letter will catch the eye of the hiring manager of the company. Some companies will be very specific in who they are looking for, and I learned that it is wise to customize the cover letter and resume in a way that w ill highlight the skills I have that the company looks

Once We Were Not Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Once We Were Not - Essay ExampleThe author suggests that fossils directs to the fact that most of successful animals shared somewhat similar biological history.But the homosapiens capacity to compete and evolve has made it is single species to exist today in the world. The co existing of different homosapiens and neanderthalensis keep up co existed before but the latter(prenominal) has vanished from earth due to evolution.Homosapiens like Australopith form Australis, Ardipithecusramidus from Ethiopia andAustralopithecus anamensis from Kenya all have existed on earth before millions of geezerhood. The author states that these homospaiens have ape like look and were a small brained, big faced bipedal species. The remnants from different part of the world have suggested that these have co existed and persisted before 2.2 million years. The caves in France were occupied more or less 11,000 years ago by homosapiens called Cro magons. They were having lineage resemblance to the homosa piens of Africa.The author claims that Neanderthalensis in Europe were similarly homosapiens who existed in Europe some 30,000 years ago. They were also homoerectus in Java. The author suggests that Black Skull found in Northern Kenya direst that homosapiens existed on earth around 2.5 million years ago. The author points out that many types of Australopith existed millions of years ago. However the longevity of these species was only a few hundred or thousand years. But African continent was home to many types of homosapiens according to author. As per ( Tattersall 1-7)Nevertheless, even if average species longevity was only a few hundred thousand years, it is clear that from the very beginning the continent of Africa was at least sporadicallyand most likely continuallyhost to multiple kinds of hominidsThe author claims that the earlyhomosapiens had a different form rather than newer ones. They shared same landscape and same continent. These hominoids have also reached China

Knowledge management assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Knowledge management - Assignment ExampleThe evaluation is the basis upon which the status of the system finds establishment. The policy will then be drafted on the basis of the findings. The strengths and weaknesses of the policy will then be tested for effectiveness in management of the universitys tuition and knowledge resources.The Information engineering science department is an indispensable department in any organization. It manages the technological resources for the university. Management of the information system focuses on the technology utilise to encounter information and data which is essential to run the university. The information should be safe and retrievable. Data collection methods collect the relevant information.A survey is one of the methods used to assess merriment the users of the information system get from its utilization. An online survey (Shapiro, 2004) can be used to collect the feedback on IT functionalities. It will gauge the strengths and weakne sses of the system. It will also be used to measure trends and attitudes toward new information technology. The IT survey design examines the use of information technology such as computers and programs. The survey should be close ended. It collects quantitative data.The information collected will help the university decide what information technology is available to support, plan, implement and evaluate new programs. It will enumerate and describe the programs available for the contrary groups of staff and students of the university. It will gather data on suggestions as to which programs and equipment could ameliorate the efficiency of the information management system. A survey is affordable and efficient. However, it lacks the flexibility compulsory to capture certain qualitative information. It finds its application in lieu with interviews.Interviews can obtain in depth information on topics. Interviews capture qualitative information. They gather this

Attributive expressions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Attributive expressions - Essay ExampleLiberals and Leftists frame the miscarriage question as a struggle for the rights of women everywhere, a right supported by most Americans, and matter of choice (Nieves 2004). Two publications that illustrate the different approaches to framing and reporting on the outcome of abortion are The American Spectator and The Washington Post. The former stands as an opponent of abortion and of politicians who support it. The latter largely supports the protection of abortion rights on the part of women. Both employ biased language, innuendo, colorful modifiers, and the overt display of sympathies for one side over the other.Both of the articles chosen from these two publications very archeozoic on make known their loyalties. The Washington Post storys title of Abortion Rights Said To Be at a Crossroads with the furnish of Mont. Ex-Legislator Takes NARAL Helm very clearly stands as an article sympathetic to the pro-abortion camp (Nieves 2004). Aborti on is referred to as a right, which is to imply that it is something inalienable to women. The abortion fight is at a crossroads shows further sympathy. The right was affirmed back in 1974, but now things are at a crossroads. This hints at the fact that the foes of abortion rights are now trying to reverse that decision. The proponents, organizations like NARAL (National Abortion Rights Action League), feel that abortion rights are being threatened more now than ever. The Ex-Legislator who takes the maneuver is to serve as a sort of captain to guide the ship through these troubled waters (Nieves 2004).The American Spectators title of The chairman and Abortion may seem nebulous or even politically neutral. This is probably just to draw the reader in. The article begins, however, with Another somber day of remembrance of Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton is upon us. These were the

Board of directors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Board of directors - Essay ExampleSome of these challenges include deficiency in the development of fitted Islamic markets for financial and cash investments. There is also an absence of capital structures of investment in Kuwait financial system since weak asset and obligation management system curtai guide with deficiency of risk management policies. Kachel and his co-authors further add that Kuwait lacks a flexible liquidity market which could allow Islamic monetary Institutions. Due to weak governance factors, the global financial crisis of 2008 had affected Islamic Financial Institutions. The formation of Capital Market Authority in Kuwait led to the prohibition of money laundering, license for stock markets were introduced, foreign funds were regulated, set up of investment standards, use of Arabic language, market fee was set at KWD 50,00 for foreign investment, purchase of credit regulation was introduced.In conclusion, the introduction of Capital Markets Authority, in Kuw ait, has significantly improved its governance of its Islamic financial institutions. This has been achieved through some(prenominal) sound regulations, which keep its corporations either owned by the government or foreign in

Abortion, Choice and a Right Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Abortion, Choice and a Right - Research Paper ExampleThe often litigious national discussion concerning legalized abortion is emotional and divisive. Politicians must declare themselves pro-choice or pro-life while campaigning for office. The debate has lasted for several decades and will sojourn for the foreseeable future. To properly examine the subject, the opposing viewpoints including the legal, medical and virtuous aspects must be competed with similar determination. Abortion is a multi-faceted subject and both sides of the issue salute credible, thought-provoking arguments. Its up to each person to parse through the scientific and legal aspects of the issue and decide for themselves based on what they deem to be morally acceptable. The enormity and complexity of the issue demand that all voting citizens understand both points of view and attempt to consider the issue with minimal biases to progress a decision those best suits their intellect and moral comfort zone as wel l. This paper presents the pro-choice and right-to-life view positions, both of which are compelling thusly concludes that legal abortions should remain legal and safe.Its an election year meaning the abortion debate is again a main focus of the national negotiation and during this election cycle birth control, an issue widely considered decided two generations ago has found its way into the discussion. Womens right to make decisions regarding their body versus moral considerations remains a hot topic and is essentially another science versus religion debate. Pro-choice advocates, the civil right and science side of the debate argue that laws which force women to give birth to an unwanted child conflict the principle of liberty defined by the U.S. Constitution. Additionally, such restrictive and intrusive laws are remote to any definition of compassion and decency.

Project Review Report about the Sonic Pathfinder a microprocessor Assignment

Project Review Report about the Sonic Pathfinder a microprocessor based Travel Aid for the Blind - fitting ExampleThese atomic number 18 achievable through effective utilization of ultrasonic navigation and sonar or laser signals to distinguish the region for objects in adepts track way.1.2.Methodological test, evaluation and analysis of the effectiveness of Sonic Pathfinder SP as were subjected under different environmental conditions and placements.A methodological study carried out consisted of two participants (One and Two), and behavior analysts who observed movements of these two participants. Given different environmental placements, as described in the Journal of Rehabilitation Research development, varied responses were obtained. These test environments were as follows1.2.1.Shopping essenceThe conditions of the shopping mall chosen were that it was indoor, single level, with the irregularly shaped passageways lined with a number of retail outlets which are ever open t o the passageways during business operation hours. Things that were in the Mall included signs, planters, product shows/displays and sitting benches that were located along walking paths. Pedestrian traffic parsimoniousness was determined as relatively high. As had been realized by Analyst One, a particular path from the main entrance towards the West entrance was a problem for the participant. This participant thought that acquiring SP would be a permanent solution to the problems experienced especially along the identified path. This study considered a Z-shaped path of travel within the shopping mall (from Northern to Eastern direction Entrance). The Participant initialized the experiment by facing south with their backs facing to the doors they turned to their left wing and moved east, then south, then east again to the Eastern direction Entrance. Along their path ways there existed open storefronts on either sides of the walkway, and the rejoinder and display area of a floris t to the right side of the southern leg extended beyond the waking path. The southern leg of the route withal ended at the entrance to a boutique shop. Frequently, there were a string of people at an ATM on the east wall in advance the end of this path. The East entrance was at the extreme end of a corridor to the left of the boutique shop while the central point of the Shopping Mall (which is an open region serving as the hub or the various paths) was at the right. Remarkably, this was a region known for its heavy pedestrian traffic. For affectivity, the two participants were first familiarise with the route

Breast Cancer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Breast pubic louse - Research Paper ExampleThe Genesis of a Cancer Cell A normal prison cell turns into a cancer cell because of one or more mutations in its DNA which can be get or acquired. Mutation is sudden abrupt changes that occur in the familial material i.e. the DNA of the cell. This genetic material is facilitated by various agents called mutagens. Mutagens can be either physical agents such as UV radiations, X-rays etc. or they could be some chemical agents which are adequate to(p) of producing changes in the cell by reacting with cellular macromolecules. These chemical agents form bond with the cellular macromolecules, thereby alter their normal structures. If they combine with the genetic material, the peptide formation is affected. Thus, these mutagenic agents affect the normal soundly being of the cell and when such a defective cell replicates the cellular modification is also passed on. These cellular alterations may lead to cancer, where the carcinogenic agents ( cancer causing) are capable of altering the cell division leading to the uncontrolled proliferation of the cell (Alberts, 2007 Chemical Carcinogens). ... These epigenetic factors do not produce cancer by themselves but enhances the likelihood of genetic mutation(s) resulting in cancer (Katzang et al., 2009). These genetic changes are categorized as - A. The activation of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes Proto-oncogenes are the normal genes present in the cells and are responsible for controlling cell division, cell differentiation and apoptosis. A triggering factor such as a virus or exposure to any carcinogen brings malignant changes in the cell. B. The inactivation of tumor hold inor genes A cell has the mechanism to protect itself from uncontrolled proliferation and tumor formation due to expression of genes called tumor suppresser genes. These genes possess the ability to suppress malignant changes and are also referred as antioncogenes. Mutation in proto-oncogenes or tumor suppre ssor genes results in the proliferation of tumor. Thus, a loss of function of tumor suppressor genes can be the critical event in carcinogenesis (Rang et al., 2007 Katzang et al., 2009). More than 30 tumor suppressor genes as well as more than 100 prevailing oncogenes have been found to be associated with various types of cancers (Rang et al., 2007). Characteristics of Cancer cells The genetic basis of cancer has been revealed through numerous animal models. The Cancer Genome Atlas aims at methodically differentiating the configurational source of cancer, through recognition of the genomic mutations linked with every cancer form. A corresponding progress and description forms the basis of understanding growth and outside appearance of the cancer or tumor called the phenotype of the cancer, is essential for

Critical analysis of conventionon cluster munitions Essay

Critical analysis of conventionon compact munitions - Essay ExampleAlmost 90 countries joined the healthy process and 37 others have already signed and ratified the agreement. Meanwhile, the greatest political powers, including the United States, Russia, China and Israel rejected the Convention and ar growing more reluctant to reduce their participation in the global military movement. The big military powers like Russia, China, the United States and Israel will continue resisting their participation in the foreign Convention on Cluster Munitions, as long as cluster munitions are the sources of numerous military and economic benefits, which these countries use in their fight against the child and major military enemies.Understanding the reasons for which the biggest political powers reject the Convention on Cluster Munitions is impossible without having better understanding of what cluster munitions are and how they work. Objectively, cluster munitions are weapons that, when la unched or dropped by aircraft, disperse large numbers of sub munitions over wide areas that can be the size of two to four football field (UNDP). That cluster bombs do not always explode upon impact and continue threatening the civilian population remains one of the major issues of public concern. This is similarly the basic reason for developing and signing the global Convention on Cluster Munitions. Apart from serving the basic instrument of casualties in military operations, cluster munitions contribute to food insecurity through the contamination of arable land and by killing livestock (UNDP). Cluster bombs block access to water and sanitation and turn into a serious barrier to economic development (UNDP). Since the World War II, cluster munitions have targeted almost 30 countries, and it is high time tonic legislation were developed and implemented, to reduce the risks of casualties among the civilian population (UNDP). The technical and military features of cluster munition s make it difficult for the

Suicide Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Suicide - Research Paper ExampleSociologists make water been trying to calculate the self-annihilation rates for over a hundred years. alas the shock-wave that a single felo-de-se generates is so powerful that the statistical rarity becomes disproportionate (Baudelot & Establet 2008). In countries like the United States, suicide is not as universal amongst the civilians as it is amongst the people belonging to the military. Hence, the social stigma of suicide in the United States and the European countries remains a matter of fear and disgust feature with feelings of contempt and lack of compassion (Joiner 2010). Suicide may be rationally defined as a voluntary act chosen by an individualistic who wants to die because the situation he has caught himself in is irretrievable and cannot be transformed (Diekstra & WHO 1989). The disgrace it carries with it for the communities especially in the United States is due to the fact that it indicates not just now immoral behavior on th e part of that individual but also the family who falls victim of this crime. Most of the cases in the U.S. have been connected with wartimes and the percentage of suicide committed amongst the soldiers and the army men is higher than ordinary civilians. Suicide usually has a history in the family. There atomic number 18 several generations in the family who have been indulged in this course of action and hence it becomes rather difficult for the sociologist to come up with a sensible reason for such an act. Modern therapists and thinkers have except come to believe that suicide may be acceptable at some point in a soulfulnesss life. Survivors of suicide quell up in alcoholism and other lethal activities which becomes a threat for the community. The rate of depression is extremely high in the United States. Researches associate the suicide rates to the ethnic groups that exist simultaneously among the natives. This is surprisingly one of the main reasons of suicide especially a mong adults or elderly people who have gone by dint of traumas in their life which they cannot share with anyone. War, loss of a family member, depression, broken families and crashing businesses are some of the risk factors which influence suicide among this age group (Retterstol 1993). In places where thither are broken families, a person wanting to commit suicide is disheartened by his own situation and position in the family. He is promising to compare himself with privileged people around him and ends up having a very low self-esteem like in many other cases. Broken families are usually a result of some tragic or tabooed incident in the past which give rise to feelings of anxiety and hopelessness. Similarly a person whose business is crashing is likely to be affected with the downfall more severely than his team of people. If he has a depressing personality he would shut himself from the rest of the world and let the feeling of failure grow inside him. Eventually he would gro w tired of his life and end it himself (Retterstol 1993). As opposed to the causes of suicide seen in the United States, other countries which are categorized as the third world countries such as Pakistan are confronted with altogether separate sets of causes of suicide. Pakistan is a solid ground which never recovered from the trauma of partition in 1947. A series of events caused the citizens to believe that they are doomed for life. With the

Computer Networking Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Computer Networking Management - Essay ExampleAs there is continuous progress in information technology, we move further and further into becoming a paperless society, and there is increased need for people to be connected to rangy networks to be able to exchange data just as quickly as when handing a piece of paper to another person. This can be achieved by connecting groups of computers in a network, so that the data can be accessed immediately by various when data is entered into one computer, no matter the distance from the originating computer. thither is quite a lot of work involved in networking, including a lot of math, from equations to basic problems. This paper discusses the issues around the telescope up a computer network and its management.A computer network is a connection of two or more computers in order to share resources and data. These shared resources can intromit devices like printers and other resources like electronic mail, internet access, and file sharin g. A computer network can also be seen as a charm of Personal computers and other related devices which are connected together, either with cables or wirelessly, so that they can share information and communicate with one another. Computer networks go away in size. Some networks are needed for parts within a single office, while others are vast or even span the globe.In the immensely technological en... Most companies employ a network administrator or manager to oversee this very important aspect of the companys business. This is a significant position, as it comes with great responsibilities because an organization will experience significant operational losses if problems arise within its network. Computer networking is a discipline of engineering that involves communication in the midst of various computer devices and systems. In computer networking, protocols, routers, routing, and networking across the public internet have specifications that are defined in RFC documents. C omputer networking can be seen as a sub-category of computer science, telecommunications, IT and/or computer engineering. Computer networks also depend largely upon the practical and theoretical applications of these engineering and scientific disciplines. Computer networking also involves the setting up of any set of computers or computer devices and enabling them to exchange information and data. Some examples of computer networks includeLocal area networks (LANs) that are make up of small networks which are constrained to a relatively small geographic area. Wide area networks (WANs) which are usually bigger than local area networks, and cover a large geographic area. Wireless LANs and WANs (WLAN & WWAN). These represent the wireless equivalent of the Local Area Network and Wide Area Networks Networks involves interconnection to take into account communication with a variety of different kinds of media, including twisted-pair copper wire cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, and v arious wireless technologies. The devices can be separated by a few meters (e.g. via Bluetooth) or nearly unlimited distances (e.g. via the

Analyse the benefits of deploying tablet computers in organisations Essay

Analyse the benefits of deploying tablet computers in organisations and should focus specifically, and at a minimum, on areas su - try on ExampleIn addition, new technologies in the field of information technology (IT) are creating ethical dilemmas. The effectiveness and speediness related to the electronic information technology systems that make up of limited and international networks, databases and processing programs for information technology. These systems also force consumers to tackle new rights and responsibilities in order to use the data and re-evaluate principles of advent computers. 1.1 The Signifi natesce of ethics Authority, resource and control are the major resources of the information. In fact, the key to success is the right access towards the information. As a result, the social and political relationships are also involved in the development and growth of information systems. It is more important and ethical that how this information is been utilized by the people. For instance, government levels, headquarters and homes include the electronic systems. This involvement is increased so much that the people not having access to the information systems are exaggerated in a particular way. For this reason, new and juvenile techniques, innovative ethical and lawful decisions are needed in order to stable the requirements and privileges of every person (Reynolds 2011). 1.2 Legal Gaps Filled by Ethics The profound decision lags lies as in modern technological field behind technical development and growth. These gaps are filled through confronting on the issue and by discussing the facts on how to use the electronic information should be proceed. Furthermore, the above observation delineates the ethical issues in a broad way. On the contrary, the deciding laws include about characteristics related to the issues. These legal issues should be resolved by the Information Systems electronically. 1.3 Electronic Information System Ethics In relati on to the entire community, the ethics consists of moral options choose by the individuals. These include acceptable standards associated with behavior along with the governing rules of members for an occupation. Moreover, these expand to computer networks, computerized databases and significantly to a Geographic Information Systems. The issues that are represent particularly in the three areas require a little different type of ethical decisions. In general, the Electronic Systems, Geographic Information Systems and Networks are creation described individually below 1.3.1 Network as Social Places In modern days, network has become a place to share ideas, thoughts and personal information. It is a social place where individuals can discover friendships, discuss on several issues, share some unusual interests, fight, form groups, show sympathy, proselytize and fall in love. With other traditional activities, these activities have also become a part of life. Ray Oldenburg an author delineates network as a new kind of triad Place in which anyone can communicate, share ideas and gather for hospitality a part from home and work which is the first and second place. The hypothesis stated that, the networks can replace chances of social interaction that is been vanished in the modern world of fringes. Moreover, other authors are more conscious regarding the social networking and communicating therefore they termed this as virtualized communities. 1 of the examples incorporates Google Inc. that introduced its Buzz social network in February 2010

Flappers and 1920s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Flappers and 1920s - Essay ExampleFlapper culture set American society abuzz in the 1920s, jazz was becoming the musical furiousness of young people, hemlines were rising in girls skirts in length, and in the backseats of automobiles. Modern society was emerging in the speech, fashions, and actions of young girls all over the country. The motion picture labor became an obsession for young men and women who dreamed of gracing the big screen and a luxurious life in Hollywood, or on Broadway. (Flapper Culture Fashion and the train of Hollywoods Leading Lady) Therefore, it is important to realize that in 1920 flappers took the world of fashion by storm and the most important repercussions of the new culture was evident in the Hollywood film industry. Significantly, celebrity was becoming a buzzword during the period and women were discovering what life was really like. In Hollywood fashion, Colleen Moore, the star of Hollywoods first big flapper hit movie bally(a) Youth, became a hig h profile celebrity flapper and Mary Pickford, Clara Bow, and the flapper queen, Louise Brooks followed Moores footsteps. An explanation, an analysis, and an evaluation of Flappers in the 1920s help us realize how women fashion was influenced by Hollywood and how it relates to the present day.In an essential

Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior Essay Example for Free

wherefore Chinese Mothers Are Superior EssayIn the article, Why Chinese mothers ar Superior, Chua describes her efforts to give her children what she describes as a traditional, strict Chinese upbringing. This piece was controversial. Many readers missed the supposed irony and self-deprecating humor in the title and the piece itself and instead believed that Chua was advocating the superiority of a particular, very strict, ethnically defined approach to parenting. In fact Chua has stated that the book was not a how-to manual but a self-mocking memoir. In any case, Chua defines Chinese mother loosely to include parents of other ethnicities who practice traditional, strict child-rearing, while also acknowledging that westerly parents come in all varieties, and not all ethnically Chinese parents practice strict child-rearing. Chua also reported that in one study of 48 Chinese immigrant mothers, the vast majority said that they believe their children can be the best students, tha t academic achievement reflects successful parenting, and that if children did not excel at work then there was a problem and parents were not doing their job. Chua contrasts them with the view she labels occidental that a childs self-esteem is paramount Amy makes it clear that the Asian kids are not born smart (For the most part, at least) It is hard work and training from the parents that shapes the children into these wonder kids. To prove her point she lists up a number of things that her fille were never allowed to do, such as * Have a play date * Watch television or play computer games * Attend a condition play * Complain about not in a school play And so on..Prohibitions that seems totally unreasonable for us westerns, as she loosely has named us. passim the text she covers several perspectives on parenting, which of a few I surprisingly agree on. Most of her viewpoints I deeply disagree with though and is far from my paper about proper parenting. Each time she lists u p one of her perspectives, she compares the Chinese perspective with the Western perspective. She does this in a very subjective manner I think. She is very clever rhetorically.At some parts of the text, I actually caught my self being very close to getting dragged towards her side. I found it rather amusing to feel the power of pathos, but at the same time a bit daunting. According to Amy, the main difference between Chinese parents and Western parents is the way they see their children. Western parents believe that respecting their childrens choices, their individuality and always encouraging them to pursue their true passions is the way. In contrast, Chinese parents believe that preparing their children for the future, and..

Final Exam Blue Print Essay Example for Free

Final Exam Blue Print EssayGowns prevent soiling clothing during contact with unhurriedMasks should be faded when you anticipate splash or spray of blood or body fluid and satisfy droplet/airborne precautions. Protective eyewear should be worn for procedures that generate splashes or splatters Gloves prevent the transmission of pathogens by direct/indirect contact. This equipment protects you from waste materials such as wounds, blood, stool, and pee.Ind heading urinary catheters causes of risk for infections An indwelling urinary catheter obstructs the normal flushing action of urine flow. The presence of a catheter in the urethra breaches the natural defenses of the body. Reflux of microorganisms up the catheter lumen from the drainage bag or backflow of urine in the tubing increases the risk of infection.Surgical asepsis uses verse medical asepsisSurgical asepsis is used during procedures that require intentional perforation of longanimouss skin, when skins integrity is broken, or during procedures that involve insertion of catheters. * Sterile determinations remains infertile only when touched by another sterile object * Place only sterile objects on sterile field* Sterile object/field out of the range of vision or held below waistline is contaminated * Sterile object/field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air. * When sterile show comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the sterile object/field becomes contaminated by capillary action * Sterile object becomes contaminated if gravity causes contaminated fluid to flow over the objects surface * The edges of sterile field/container are considered to be contaminated. Medical asepsis, or clean technique, includes procedures for reducing the number of organisms present and preventing the transfer of organisms. Hand hygiene, barrier techniques, and routine surroundingsal cleaning are examples of medicalasepsis.Nursing intervention when assessing bradycardia radial pulse Can ca use pulse deficit. To assess a pulse deficit 2 nurses are needed to assess radial and apical pulse simultaneously and compare rates. The difference between apical and radial pulse is the pulse deficit. measure the ability of the message to meet the demands of body tissue for nutrients by palpation a peripheral pulse or using a stethoscope to listen to heart sounds (apical rate)Pulse sitesTemporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, Dorsalis pedisCritical Thinking- chapter 15Examples of application of critical thinking (you may have to scan the chapter, no specific section to apply to the question) chouse what would be considered critical thinking * Critical thinking involves recognizing that an issue exists, analyzing information about the issue, evaluating information, and making conclusions. * Critical thinking is a continuous summons characterized by open-mindedness, continual inquiry, and perseverance.* Diagnostic reasoning determ ining a patients health status after you have assigned meaning to the behaviors and symptoms presented. * Inference process of drawing conclusions from related pieces of evidence. * Clinical decision making assistanceful reasoning so the best options are chosen for the best outcomes. * Nursing process five-step clinical decision-making approach. Five components of critical thinking.* Knowledge base* Experience* Critical thinking competencies* Attitudes* StandardsProfessional standard for critical thinking* Intellectual the intellectual standard is a guideline or principle for rational thought. * Professional the professional standard refers to evidence-based ethical criteria for nursing judgments used for evaluation and criteria for professional responsibility. enduring Safety- chapter 27Patient sentry go during seizures* Seizure precautions encompass all nursing interventions to protect the patient from traumatic injury, position for adequate ventilation and drainage of oral secr etions, and provide silence and championship following the seizure. * Seizure precautions are nursing interventions to protect patient from traumatic injury, positioning for adequate ventilation and drainage/oral secretions, and providing privacy and support after event.Fall risk prevention and interventionsThe plan for a patient who has high risk for falls.1. Select nursing interventions to promote safety according to patients developmental and health care needfully.2. Consult with OT and PT for assistive devices3. Select interventions that will improve the safety of patients home environmentInterventions* Nursing interventions for promoting safety are individualized for patients developmental stage, lifestyle, and environment. * Note the safety locks and anti-tip bars on the wheelchair. * Nurses contribute to a safer environment by helping patients meet basic needs related to oxygen, nutrition, and temperature. * Adequate lighting and security measures in and around the home, i ncluding the use of nightlights, exterior lighting, and locks on windows and doors, enable patients to reduce the risk of injury from crime. * Modifications in the environment will easily reduce the risk of falls. To reduce the risk of injury in the home, remove all obstacles from halls and other heavily traveled areas. * Prevention of accidental fires and poisons requires awareness of precautions such as not smoking in bed and keeping hazardous substances out of reach of children. * Safety bars provide superior prevention against falls.Safety risk-Risk at developmental stages* Children younger than 5 years of age are at greatest risk for home accidents that result in severe injury and death. * The school-aged child is at risk for injury at home, at school, and while traveling to and from school. * Adolescents are at risk for injury from auto accidents, suicide, and substance abuse. * Threats to an adults safety are frequently associated with lifestyle habits (smoking, drinking, h azardous work, etc.). * Risks for injury for older patients are directly related to the physiological changes of the ageing process.Risk* 16-19 car accident* 75 and up falls and car accident* Older adults have decreased vision acuity and hearing deprivation making them at risk for MVA and hearing sirens or horns. Decrease reflexes occur with aging. * Lead can be in paint, soil, water and can be inhaled or swallowed. * 64 years and older decreased vision, orthostatic hypotension, gait and balance problems, urinary incontinence, use of walking aids, effects of various medications (sedatives, anticonvulsants, hypnotics, analgesics. * Falls occur due(p) to inadequate lighting, barriers along walk paths and stairways, and lack of safety devices in home. * Patients most at risk of injury are those with bleeding tendencies (disease or medications), and osteoporosis (results in fractures). every(prenominal) developmental age involves specific safety risks* Children younger than 5 years of age are at greatest risk for home accidents that result in severe injury and death. * The school-aged child is at risk for injury at home, at school, and while traveling to and from school. * Adolescents are at risk for injury from motorcar accidents, suicide, and substance abuse. * Threats to an adults safety are frequently associated with lifestyle habits (smoking, drinking, hazardous work, etc.). * Risks for injury for older patients are directly related to the physiological changes of the aging process.Priority planning patient care (this is using your critical thinking skills and wouldnt be found in a section of the book)* In many another(prenominal) situations, patients present with multiple nursing diagnoses. Use a concept map to visualize how nursing diagnoses interrelate. * Establish goals with the patients self-care abilities and resources in mind, and focus on maintaining or improving the condition of the skin and oral cavity. * Patients skin is clean, dry, and inta ct without signs of inflammation. * Patients skin remains elastic and well hydrated. * Patients skin is free from areas of pressure. * Timing is also important in planning hygiene care. * In hospital or extended care settings, work closely with nursing assistive personnel, who often provide hygiene care. * Collaborate with other health team members as indicated (e.g., work with physical therapy and occupational therapy to enhance the patients independence with self-care activities). * When a patient needs assistance as a result of a self-care limitation, the family often becomes a valuable resource to the nurse and helps with hygiene measures.

The Singapore An Aging Population Economics Essay

The Singapore An Aging world Economics EssayAgeing is the accumulation of physical, physiological and fond changes in a person over time. It is a phenomenon that every one-on-one is bound to experience. Therefore, it is only natural for one to hope to live in a clubhouse that respects, supports and caters to various needfully of the elderly.Today, governances around the world are facing the tough ch whollyenge of providing adequate tumefynesscare and housing for the elderly. Due to the practicable ineffective storage al posture of cash in hand or the lack of concern for its elderly citizens by the political sympathies, on that point is a possibility that a large equipoise of the olden are leave out and are left scrounging for basic necessities while struggling with myriad health issues associated with age.Singapore currently has one of the fastest growing economies in the world. However, it overly has an highly low fork up rate and an appallingly high rate of ageing. Approximately 10% of the macrocosm of 5 million is aged over 65. This figure bequeath growing to near 25% by the year 2020. With much(prenominal) shocking statistics, many questions come to mind. A young man whitethorn worry about how he pass on scrape up the means to support his elderly parents as well as his own family. A woman close to retirement may be concerned about her future and wonder whether she would have to perform menial jobs to make ends meet.It is the transaction of any presidency to give priority to the needs and demands of its citizens and take steps to address them. Thus, Singapores Government has to formulate policies that address the possible problems of an senescent population and take preventive measures to counter the same.Stakeh one-time(a)s InvolvedBefore attempting to brighten the problems of Singapores aging population, it is critical to identify the stakeholders involved. By studying the effects of an ageing population on these stakeholders, the potentially negative effects of this issue can be mitigated, and future problems can be anticipated. Especially with the ever- changing social demographics and economic conditions, the inter-connectedness of the pressure which an aging population would exert on our country as a whole should not be chthonianestimated, especially during the phase when identified secondary social stakeholders transit to indigenous social stakeholders.Primary stakeholders include1) older citizensSenior citizens are the very group of people to experience the intimately impact as their well-being is at stake.General concerns for these group of stakeholders includeWould the future generations be able to support the increasing proportion of senior citizens?Are infrastructure and public services elderly-friendly?Will the Singapore Government introduce to a greater extent than projects and policies aimed at improving the attitude?2) Working SingaporeansAs an ageing population annexs demand for he althcare and other services, the financial pressure on Singaporeans rises similarly as the taxes they get to support these services increases. This decreases the income they bring home and directly doctors their spending power.3) Singapore GovernmentWith a shrinking workforce, a drop in the economic festering rate is inevitable. The regime is responsible for the introduction of suitable policies to contain the situation. Besides, the government has to ensure that Singaporeans adopt an optimistic view on the matter and create nation-wide sense on the impacts of an ageing population.Secondary stakeholders include1) Future generationsCurrently, the implications of an ageing population have yet to fully present themselves and the Singapore Government is absorbing most of the effects at current situation. However, if statistical studies prove right and the proportion of senior citizens to working Singaporeans increases, the effects would be more(prenominal) severe and Singaporeans would have to dispense the burden of supporting the ageing population in later years. Therefore, our future generations willing also expression the same negative effects of the ageing population that current Singaporeans slip.2) BusinessesAs Singapores population is growing older, there will be a relatively fewer number of people in the working sector. Businesses and organisations will be affected by the lack of young and skilled workers. As a result, additional funds may have to be spent on trainings to help the older workers master new skills. Furthermore, collectible to higher taxes burden on households, purchasing power of individuals will decrease significantly. This will eventually affect the growth of businesses.The secondary stakeholders neither directly affected nor involved in the problem. Future generations have yet to be affected by the problem of ageing. When the situation worsens in future, our descendants will have to support their elders and will also be affect ed by higher taxes. They will subsequently become basal stakeholders.As we can see, large sections of the society are affected by this issue and will continue to be affected by the continuous increase of ageing population. Hence, immediate steps have to be taken in ramble to minimize the damages caused by this issue.Figure 1 (insert)The Implications Of An Aging PopulationSingapore has one of the highest proportions of elderly citizens in the world, and second only to Japan in South East Asia.(Suan Ee Ong, 2010).http//www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/reference/sif2012.pdf1. SocietyThe Declining Standards of an Individuals health search suggests that as individuals age, they are increasingly prone to numerous health risks. The risk of malnutrition heightens with age with 3 in 10 elderly at high risk. (http//www.asicluster3.com/blog_self/index.php? pageboy=viewentryid=133) As a person ages, problems like diabetes or parkinsons sets in, along with dietary restrictions. One can also expect an overall deteriorating quality of physical health. For instance, psychomotor skills deteriorate, resulting in stifled physical independence. Osteoporosis, a disease in which causes the bones to become slight dense affects large numbers of our elderly. Additionally, mental health starts deteriorating with the blast of illnesses like dementia and depression.As one ages, quality of health will undoubtedly follows a downward trend. Coupled with an increasing number of citizens aged 65 and above. this leads to a decrease in the standard of health over a period of time.This would in turn give rise to new industries and businesses revolving around health care, with niche specialisations in care for the aged.It is key for the society to provide services that target the aged. Moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that not all of the aged will be in need of health care services if society helped them lead an active livelinessstyle. Therefore, the population growth forec asted in future years, urban economic countries will lack the appeal to attract immigrants. (Kresl, Peter Karl Letri, Daniele (2010)) Being a small country with low birth rate, Singapore may face some challenges in attracting foreign talent to our city in future. Therefore, our society may face difficulties in employing a sufficiently skilled workforce to maximise out draw.Effects On Future GenerationsAs the population ages, there will be an increasing demand for goods and services in the healthcare sector. A governments duty is to serve its people, and society as a whole would expect basic health care services to be provided. Consequently, there will be increase pressure on the government to provide for health care. Monetary speak tos would be incurred and would be passed on to society in the form of increased taxes. With the no-good birth rates we see today (1.22 births per woman in 2011, down from 1.83 in 1990), tax burdens on future generations (who will then become primary social stakeholders) will only increase as time goes by. (Department of Statistics Singapore. (2012))There is an inverse relationship between the dependency ratio (percentage of the population who are too old or too young to work) and birth rate of a country. Naturally, an increasing dependency ratio can be attributed to a declining birth rate. If the birth rate continues to stagnate or drop, the dependency ratio would only increase at a faster rate in the future. This translates into a heavier burden on the working population to maintain economic growth and to provide for dependent citizens.The Reverence of The Silver Generation to SocietyIt is evident that the elderly exert a major influence on our social fabric. They carry with them the cultures, traditions and values that make our country what it is today. The hard work and time that they put in to raise meliorate, do and refined citizens of this generation is the reason why our country has reached this level of victor. As th e saying goes, with time comes wisdom. Therefore, the silver generation is much revered, and as per asian cultures, due respect and care should be given to them. As the elderly before us have served the country by contributing to it in various aspects, Singapores government should have a sense of filial piety to them. Since the government is a primary social stakeholder involved in the issue of an ageing population, it has introduced many government initiatives to solve arising problems.Summing UpTo handle the implications of an aging population, we should seek to improve elderly standards of living and encourage them to contribute to society even at an age former(prenominal) retirement. The government should also take up initiatives to help senior citizens fit in and continue to be part of the workforce even at a ripe old age.2. BusinessesDue to the rapid growth of an ageing population, there are certain issues that may arise.Productivity Issues In OrganisationsA large proportion of senior citizens in a population indicates a decline in size of a productive workforce. According to the UNs latest biennial population forecast, the normal age for all countries will rise from 29 to 38 years by 2050. (SOURCE) We may safely assume that the dependency ratio will increase dramatically over the next few decades.Organizations looking to expand productivity would be reluctant to hire older workers. Those following a profit maximize model opine that it would be more cost efficient to hire younger workers due to their higher productivity. Additionally, during periods of recession, more often than not, older workers are among the sort out few in the retrenchment list. However, this contrasts the fact that older workers bring with them a plethora of experience and wisdom, which can only be gained over time. Despite cost inefficiency, it is unfair to be against the notion of hiring of older workers.Singapores government foresaw these issues and implemented new legislatio ns to curb age discrimination at the workplace. As of 1 Jan 2012, under the loneliness and Re-employment Act (RRA), the statutory retirement age was set at 62, and companies have to offer re-employment contracts to workers up to the age of 65.http//www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/employment-rights-conditions/retirement/Pages/retirement.aspxWith these new initiatives, it can be seen that the government is indirectly engaging all business organisations through legislation. These businesses, which were once secondary social stakeholders, are now evolving into primary social stakeholders in this issue of an aging population.Increase In Demand For Health Care Elderly-Specific FacilitiesMany countries, including Singapore, have been working towards providing better care, not just in clinics and hospitals, but also in spite of appearance the community and at home. To conjure up accessibility for the elderly, the government has taken up many initiatives and projects to improve livin g conditions for the elderly.For example, the Enhancement for Active Seniors (EASE) programme implemented by Singapore government introduced slip-resistant bathrooms and even installed grab bars within flats. Other projects include life upgradation, building of barrier-free features such as ramps and the levelling of steps .In order to provide a more accessible healthcare services, the Singapore government has given more emphasis on home and community-based services, which include the expansion of social rehabilitative care places . More subsidies have also been introduced to support the poor and those from middle-income families. The growing ageing population has resulted in the growing demand for facilities and the expansion of subsidies which is putting great pressure on government. Government spending on health care is estimated to increase even further in the future as more money is required to support new initiatives and expansion of the existing initiatives. There is also a need to hire more health professionals, for which more resources and funds are required. As a result, the allocation of the budget towards healthcare is expected to rise as related spending would increase to about twice by 2030.http//www.asiaone.com/Business/News/My+Money/Story/A1Story20080627-73309.html3. GovernmentGovernment policies not only have a positive impact on the lives of the elderly, but may also have a negative impact on businesses. Business owners may feel restricted by such employment policies and may influence to move out of Singapore. They may also stop supporting the government in the elections .The government relies heavily on taxes from small and large businesses for its sources of revenue. If these businesses were to change location or move out of Singapore due to restrictive policies, revenues would fall. A drop in revenue would mean that the government has less to spend on other facilities for its people.Furthermore, relocation of businesses would result in wi despread loss of local jobs. The result is a higher dependency ratio, higher unemployment rate, less revenue for the government and the slowing down of the economy.Thus, the government should ensure that any policy related to ageing does not anger or upset the sentiments of various businesses and should keep in mind what is at stake.Summing UpLet us consider the repercussive chain of effects of aging population. Firstly the number of people in the workforce would drop, with a corresponding increase in the dependency ratio. This translates into a drop in output /productivity of individual businesses and the economy as a whole. As Singapores gross domestic product is very dependant on both our import/export sectors and consumerism this could cause Singapores economy to go into a slowdown. One might argue that there would be an increase in the growth due to the consumption of more healthcare. However the drops in productivity would be greater than the increase in consumption of healthc are. Eventually, there will be an increased burden on the current workforce to maintain economic growth. Finally, if nothing is done, a vicious cycle commences, and future generations would find it increasingly difficult to provide for the previous generations and support the economy.(Picture Singapores indicator of ageing)Actions Taken By Singapores GovernmentSingapores government recognises that the increase in the ageing population will lead to several consequences that will affect all sections of society, as well as the economy of the country. Hence, in order to support the older population, the government has put in place various policies and introduced new schemes.In 2004, the government set up the deputation on Aging Issues. This committee comprised of private and government representatives who came unneurotic to discuss issues related to ageing. The recommendations for solutions related to these issues were presented in a report and were passed for implementation. They ai med at enhancing employability, improving healthcare facilities, promoting active lifestyles and financial independence.The government also aims at establishing concrete facts about our population and conducts frequent surveys to gauge the physical and mental health of seniors. It also identifies areas to improve the wellbeing of its citizens.(Reference http//app1.mcys.gov.sg/Portals/0/Topic/Issues/EDGD/Brief%20on%20Ageing%20Population%20(Public).pdf)1. HousingAs seen from Figure 1 (Singapore Indicators of Ageing), the proportion of Singaporeans aged 65 and above will significantly rise in the coming years. Hence, there is a need for the government to introduce schemes that provide adequate housing that caters to the needs of elderly such as their health, mobility and security, which is of utmost importance.Some schemes that the government introduced were the Multi-Generation Flats in 1987 and Granny Flats in 1991. However, they were not very well received. A more successful initiat ive was the implementation of Project LIFE ( Lift Improvement and Facilities Enhancement for Elderly). (Reference http//asiaforum.tsaofoundation.org/pdfDownloads/Day1/D1_plenary/plenarySession_1/Housing%20developments%20for%20ageing%20population%20in%20Spore%20-%20yap%20chin%20beng.pdf) This proposal aims at creating lifts in Housing Development Board (HDB) flats so that every floor is serviced, for the convenience of the elderly and the handicapped. The government expects complete adoption of this plan in all HDB flats by 2014.In addition, integrated studio apartments were also incorporated into each housing block and came with spaces for social and communal gatherings.In the year 2011, the government introduced the judgement of barrier-free housing environments which involved the building of handicap ramps and pathways to facilitate easy movement of wheelchairs.Therefore, continuous modification of housing landscapes aims at meeting the needs of citizens and to provide a comforta ble shelter for each and every senior citizen.2. TransportPublic transport has also seen benefits and is somewhat more elder-friendly. In 2006, MRT stations were modified and make barrier free. Today, approximately forty percent of our buses are wheelchair accessible.3. Encouraging re-employmentDue to the negative impacts of ageing population on the workforce productivity, the government has seen the importance to meet on this problem so as to sustain economic growth. Hence, the 2005 appointment of a Tripartite Committee (government, employers and trade union) on Employability of Older Workers by the take care for Manpower addressed the issue by implementing several measures (Thang, L. (2011)).One of the measures is the the enactment of Retirement and Re-Employment Act (RRA) which was put into effect on 1 Jan 2012. The Tripartite Committee formed the Tripartite Implementation Workgroup to help employers carry out this initiative.In October 2007, the Tripartite Implementation Work group formed by the Tripartite Committee was to assist companies in the implementation of the re-employment measures. In order to further encourage the implementation of re-employment schemes for older workers, companies were given financial support of up to $400,000 for policies that were placed in line with the re-employment legislation. workforce Development Agency also subsidized the re-training programmes that were put in place by employers. in addition, Continuing Education and Training (CET) master plan was launched in 2008 by the Ministry of Manpower to provide trainings for employees so that they will be equipped with skills that keep up with the pace of the fast-growing industries.While the government attempts to encourage re-employment of older workers, they have to ensure that younger employees and employers are willing to accept them. This is because older workers are generally perceived as unproductive and inflexible. Hence, measures have been put in place foster an a ge-friendly working environment. This is done by introducing bailiwick awards to acknowledge companies with the most progressive and unbiased practices. The Tripartite Alliance for Fair Employment Practices (TAFEP) has also put in place many guidelines to advocate on fairness and to discourage discrimination of the old-aged employees. (Thang, L. (2011))Hence, by encouraging the older employees to continue working, and by changing mindsets to accept older workers, Singapores workforce and output can be maintained at the current level of integrity.The Tripartite Implementation Workgroup was a relative success as by February 2009, 706 unionized companies have committed to re employment while 4650 workers over age 62 were re-employed by the end of 2008. (Thang, L. (2011))4. Ensuring financial perceptual constancy for the agedDue to the decreasing fertility rate in Singapore, there will be a heavier financial burden on the future generations, and it is possible that the older generatio n may not be financially independent. The Workfare Income Supplement (WIS) Scheme was introduced in 2007 to ensure that Singaporeans will have sufficient savings for their retirement. This scheme encourages the older workers who are earning low- remunerateing salary to continue working so that they can accumulate more CPF savings. In order to supplement higher take-home pay and reduced CPF rates, the Government began to give elderly workers part of the WIS in cash so that they can afford for their basic needs. (Referencehttp//mycpf.cpf.gov.sg/Members/Gen-Info/Workfare.html)Furthermore, due to the increase in life expectancy, the government plans to increase the Minimum Sum Draw-Down age from 62 to 65 by the year 2018. There were also plans to introduce a longevity indemnification scheme. This will ensure that CPF members can be assured of a basic income as long as they live. (Referencehttp//app1.mcys.gov.sg/Portals/0/Summary/pressroom/03-2008.pdf)5. HealthcareIn face of the current trend that can be observed in Singapore, it is essential that healthcare services are improved to cater to the needs of the older population. Thus, the Ministry of Health introduced a Chronic Disease Management Programme which empowered physicians to adopt a holistic approach in the treatment of diseases. Furthermore, the ElderShield Scheme for the disabled was deepen in 2007 to help increase affordability of medical services by paying $400 per month for up to 6 years. There was a 60% improvement from the previous scheme. http//www.moh.gov.sg/content/moh_web/home/costs_and_financing/schemes_subsidies/ElderShield.htmlIn addition, the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports (MCYS) and the Ministry of Health (MOH) are also conducting a review of eldercare services aimed at bettering facilities such as daycare centres, rehabilitation centres and home help services .The concept of active ageing was developed by the European Commission in 2002. It brings forward the mentati on of higher retirement age and longer period of activity in the workforce. It has been proven that leading an active and directional life improves the overall well-being of an individual and helps keep illnesses and diseases at bay. Active ageing was introduced by the Singapore government in order to ensure self sufficiency of citizens after retirement. It established the Council for terce Age(C3A) in May 2007 to promote active ageing and fund community-based events related to active ageing.In addition, due to the increase in degenerative diseases that require high-ticket(prenominal) treatment, the concept of active ageing is gaining more importance. It is said that the cost of treatment for the older generation will cost two to three times more than that needed for the younger population.(Reference http//www.asiaone.com/Health/News/Story/A1Story20071031-33327.html)What Does the Future Hold?Our population is ageing at a rate faster than in countries such as Australia, South Korea , UK and the USA. (ref first article in dropbox) . The number of citizens aged 65 and above will show a sevenfold increase by the year 2050. So what does this mean for our future?Firstly, our country will be more prone to external invasion. Presence of an ageing population is an indicator that our justification is weakening. We will have fewer young people to fill the ranks of the army, and fewer physically fit citizens to defend us in times of need. Our future and excerption will be threatened.Secondly, economic growth will slow down. Singapore will no longer be seen as a hub of young, talented and matched individuals by global MNCs. They may no longer want to invest and set up their offices here. Furthermore, with fewer individuals to pay income taxes, the government will have less money to spend on healthcare, infrastructure,etc. As a result, taxes will increase, leaving people less to spend on themselves and their family.The demand for healthcare services will rise, but will not be sufficiently subsidised by a government which does not have enough resources.Singapore is at the threshold of entering a vicious cycle . If immediate short-term and long-term measures are not taken, we are bound to find ourselves moving backwards and make a rate of growth similar to what we had many decades ago.Our recommendations1. Enhancing senior citizens value in the organization through empowermentIn line with the re-employment policies the government has in place, we suggest that organizations create appointments and titles specially aimed at empowering senior citizens. They should ensure that these creations are aligned with the capabilities of these senior citizens.Likewise, existing positions should be modified according to their capabilities. The purpose of this is to enhance their value and well-being in the workplace where they are often regarded as liabilities more than assets.With such initiatives, senior citizens will be able to perform better, with more fle xibility and recognition within the organization. This also widens the operating structure of organizations, allowing for more variety of specialization.At the same time, organizations could tap into their experience and expertise, especially for crisis management and consultive roles. Even within the Singapore Cabinet, forefather Lee Kuan Yew is still actively involved in local politics at the age of 89 and the titles curate Mentor and Senior Minister were specially created to continuously empower him.2. Continuous active promotion of healthy aging from small communitiesPresently, Senior Citizens Executive Committees (SCECs) under the Peoples Association (PA), the largest senior citizens network in Singapore, organizes a wide variety of activities and courses aimed at enhancing senior citizens life experiences. They are usually conducted at a national level, and seldom reach out to the smaller communities.The government could engage Resident Committees (RCs) and Community Centres (CCs) in neighbourhoods to aid in promoting healthy aging. Subsidised or sponsored activities could be one alternative to attract senior citizens to actively exercise healthy aging. Constant awareness can be achieved through newsletters and pamphlets mailed to letterboxes.3. Strengthening family tiesIt is important for our society to realise the value and importance of senior citizens. They should not be viewed as burdens instead they should be seen as extraordinary citizens who brought us as well as our country to the position we are in today. Hence, it is expected that we, the younger generation, give them the deserved care and respect without any ulterior motive in mind.We feel that the indoctrination of these strong values should begin at a young age. Special programmes should be introduced into schools in order to promote togetherness within the family. Children should be educated about the importance of elders in society and should be taught to always show them respect and ki ndness. The media can also play a role an important in this process by occasionally publishing articles that portray the elderly in a good light.